:root{--orange:#ff6a00;--ink:#171512;--muted:#746e66;--line:#e9e1d7;--warm:#fffaf3;--white:#fff;--font:'Sora',sans-serif}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{margin:0;color:var(--ink);background:#fff;font-family:var(--font);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}
.research-header{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--warm)}.research-header-inner{max-width:1240px;padding:0 32px;min-height:88px;margin:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:28px}.research-brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;white-space:nowrap}.research-brand img{display:block;width:144px;height:auto;max-height:64px;object-fit:contain}.research-orange{color:var(--orange)}.research-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:34px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600}.research-nav>a:not(.research-nav-cta):hover,.research-nav .current{color:#d07a00}.research-nav-cta,.research-action{padding:14px 20px;background:var(--orange);border-radius:6px;color:var(--ink);font-weight:800}.research-nav-cta span{margin-left:12px}
.research-main{min-height:68vh}.research-eyebrow{color:#b87416;letter-spacing:.16em;font-size:11px;font-weight:700}.research-intro{background:var(--warm);padding:108px 32px 100px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-align:center}.research-intro h1{font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.08em;font-size:clamp(64px,9vw,124px);line-height:1.04;margin:20px 0}.research-intro>p:last-child{max-width:620px;margin:0 auto;color:#726c64;font-size:17px;line-height:1.8}.research-grid{max-width:1240px;margin:0 auto;padding:82px 32px 110px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px}.research-tile{position:relative;min-height:342px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:34px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;transition:transform .2s,border-color .2s}.research-tile:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);border-color:#efb96d}.research-date{font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.07em;color:#a16b25}.research-tile h2{font-size:23px;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:-.05em;margin:18px 0 12px}.research-tile:hover h2 a,.research-tile:focus-within h2 a{color:#c97800}.research-tile h2 a::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0}.research-tile:focus-within{outline:3px solid #b87416;outline-offset:3px}.research-tile>p:not(.research-date){font-size:13px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 30px}.research-read{margin-top:auto;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:#c97800}.research-pages{display:flex;gap:24px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;margin:-60px auto 90px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.research-pages a{color:var(--ink);font-weight:700}.research-no-results{text-align:center;color:var(--muted);padding:100px 20px}
.research-article{max-width:888px;padding:70px 32px 90px;margin:0 auto}.research-back{font-size:12px;color:#9c641d;font-weight:700}.research-back:hover{text-decoration:underline}.research-article-header{margin:75px 0 55px;padding-bottom:46px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.research-article-header .research-eyebrow span{margin:0 10px;color:#b6aea4}.research-article h1{font-size:clamp(36px,6vw,67px);line-height:1.17;letter-spacing:-.07em;overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-weight:800;margin:22px 0}.research-deck{font-size:17px;line-height:1.9;color:#6d675f;max-width:750px}.research-prose{font-family:var(--font);font-weight:400;line-height:1.95;font-size:16px;color:#39352f;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.research-prose p,.research-prose>div{margin:0 0 1.45em}.research-prose h2,.research-prose h3,.research-prose h4{line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:-.045em;color:#171512;margin:2em 0 .8em}.research-prose h2{font-size:32px}.research-prose h3{font-size:24px}.research-prose h4{font-size:19px}.research-prose ul,.research-prose ol{padding-left:28px;margin:0 0 1.6em}.research-prose li{margin:.45em 0}.research-prose a{color:#b96800;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.research-prose blockquote{border-left:4px solid var(--orange);padding:12px 24px;background:var(--warm);margin:2em 0;font-weight:500}.research-prose pre{background:#211f1c;color:#fffaf3;padding:24px;overflow-x:auto;border-radius:8px;line-height:1.65;font-size:13px}.research-prose code{font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Consolas,monospace}.research-prose hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:40px 0}
.research-neighbors{max-width:1060px;margin:0 auto 100px;padding:28px 32px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px}.research-neighbors a{background:var(--warm);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:30px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px}.research-neighbors a:hover{border-color:var(--orange)}.research-neighbors span{font-size:11px;color:#a16b25;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em}.research-neighbors strong{font-size:18px;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:-.04em}.research-next{text-align:right}.research-empty{padding:150px 32px;text-align:center}.research-empty h1{font-size:clamp(32px,6vw,64px);letter-spacing:-.06em}.research-empty>p:not(.research-eyebrow){color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:40px}.research-footer{background:#181612;color:#fff;padding:45px 0}.research-footer-inner{max-width:1240px;padding:0 32px;margin:auto;display:flex;gap:30px;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.research-footer p{color:#afa9a0;font-size:11px}.research-footer-inner>div{display:flex;gap:24px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600}.research-footer-inner>div a:hover{color:var(--orange)}
@media(max-width:880px){.research-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.research-nav{gap:14px}.research-nav-cta{padding:12px}.research-footer-inner{flex-wrap:wrap}}@media(max-width:610px){.research-header-inner{padding:0 18px;min-height:70px}.research-nav{gap:14px}.research-nav>a:not(.current):not(.research-nav-cta){display:none}.research-nav-cta{font-size:11px}.research-intro{padding:75px 22px}.research-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:40px 20px 75px}.research-tile{min-height:270px;padding:28px}.research-article{padding:42px 22px 70px}.research-article-header{margin:55px 0 36px;padding-bottom:30px}.research-deck{font-size:15px}.research-prose{font-size:15px}.research-prose h2{font-size:26px}.research-neighbors{margin-bottom:60px;padding:25px 20px;grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-next{text-align:left}.research-neighbor-empty{display:none}.research-footer-inner{padding:0 22px;align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column}.research-pages{margin:-40px auto 60px}}

/* Brand artwork matches the existing index2 header/footer; reading imagery stays contained. */
.research-header-inner{gap:20px}.research-nav{gap:24px}
.research-featured{margin:0 0 55px}.research-featured img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:640px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:10px}
.research-tile-cover{display:block;margin:-34px -34px 24px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:10px 10px 0 0;aspect-ratio:1.91}
.research-tile-cover img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;display:block}
.research-prose img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:8px;margin:32px auto}
.research-footer .research-brand img{width:126px}
.research-footer-inner{flex-wrap:wrap}
.research-footer-inner>p:last-child{margin-left:auto}
@media(max-width:880px){.research-nav{gap:14px}.research-footer-inner>p:last-child{margin-left:0}}
@media(max-width:610px){.research-header-inner{gap:10px}.research-header .research-brand img{width:132px}.research-nav{gap:9px}.research-nav-cta{padding:10px;font-size:10px}.research-tile-cover{margin:-28px -28px 24px}.research-featured{margin-bottom:40px}.research-footer-inner>p:last-child{margin-left:0}}

/* Featured articles share the standard Research card design and appear only when selected. */
.research-featured-list{background:var(--warm);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:66px}
.research-featured-list>h2{max-width:1240px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 32px;font-size:30px;letter-spacing:-.05em}
.research-featured-list .research-grid{padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:72px}
.research-featured-list .research-tile{background:#fff}
.research-featured-list .research-tile h3{font-size:23px;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:-.05em;margin:18px 0 12px}
.research-featured-list .research-tile h3 a::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0}
.research-featured-list .research-tile:hover h3 a{color:#c97800}
@media(max-width:610px){.research-featured-list{padding-top:45px}.research-featured-list>h2{padding:0 20px;font-size:25px}.research-featured-list .research-grid{padding-bottom:50px}}

/* Persisted multi-level Research lists. */
.research-prose li>ul,.research-prose li>ol{margin:.35em 0;padding-left:26px}
.research-prose ol ol{list-style-type:lower-alpha}
.research-prose ol ol ol{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* Research header matches the homepage's black, white and orange navigation. */
.research-header{position:relative;z-index:40;background:#050505;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);color:#f7f7f5}
.research-header-inner{width:min(calc(100% - 48px),1420px);max-width:none;height:94px;min-height:94px;padding:0;margin:auto;gap:24px}
.research-header .research-brand img{width:116px;height:22px;max-height:none;object-fit:contain}
.research-nav{gap:30px;color:#c6c6c6;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase}
.research-nav>a:not(.research-nav-cta){position:relative;padding:10px 0}
.research-nav>a:not(.research-nav-cta)::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:100%;bottom:3px;height:1px;background:#ff6a00;transition:right .35s ease}
.research-nav>a:not(.research-nav-cta):hover::after,.research-nav>a.current::after{right:0}
.research-nav>a:not(.research-nav-cta):hover,.research-nav .current{color:#fff}
.research-nav-cta{border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.22);border-radius:999px;padding:14px 20px;background:transparent;color:#fff;font-weight:400;transition:background .3s,color .3s,border-color .3s}
.research-nav-cta:hover{background:#fff;color:#080808;border-color:#fff}
.research-nav-cta span{color:#ff6a00;margin-left:8px}
.research-menu-toggle{display:none;background:none;border:0;padding:10px;cursor:pointer;color:#fff}
.research-menu-toggle span{display:block;width:24px;height:1px;background:#fff;margin:6px 0;transition:transform .3s}
@media(max-width:960px){
 .research-header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:40;background:rgba(5,5,5,.96);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(16px);backdrop-filter:blur(16px)}
 .research-header-inner{width:100%;height:68px;min-height:68px;padding:0 16px}
 .research-header .research-brand img{width:116px;height:22px}
 .research-menu-toggle{display:block;position:relative;z-index:52;min-width:44px;min-height:44px}
 .research-menu-toggle.is-open span:first-child{transform:translateY(3.5px) rotate(45deg)}
 .research-menu-toggle.is-open span:last-child{transform:translateY(-3.5px) rotate(-45deg)}
 .research-nav{position:absolute;top:8px;left:8px;right:8px;z-index:50;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:7px;padding:76px 22px 22px;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);border-radius:20px;background:rgba(7,7,7,.98);box-shadow:0 20px 80px rgba(0,0,0,.5);opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;transform:translateY(-12px);transition:transform .3s,opacity .3s,visibility .3s}
 .research-nav.is-open{opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto;transform:none}
 .research-nav>a:not(.research-nav-cta){display:flex;align-items:center;min-height:48px;padding:14px 0}
 .research-nav-cta{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;min-height:54px;margin-top:8px;text-align:center;font-size:13px;padding:14px 20px}
}

/* Linked article CTA: consistent visual treatment regardless of content text formatting. */
.research-prose a.research-article-button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;max-width:100%;overflow-wrap:anywhere;background:#f59200;color:#171512!important;font-size:12px;font-weight:400!important;line-height:1.5;text-decoration:none!important;border-radius:8px;padding:11px 13px;transition:background-color .2s ease}
.research-prose a.research-article-button::after{content:"\2197\FE0E";font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:1;color:inherit}
.research-prose a.research-article-button:hover,.research-prose a.research-article-button:focus-visible{background:#df8100;color:#171512!important}
.research-prose a.research-article-button *{font-weight:400!important;color:inherit!important}

/* Writer attachments: responsive sanitized SVG and declarative animated illustrations. */
.research-prose .research-svg-animation{display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;background:#fff;overflow:hidden;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#756b60}
.research-prose .research-svg-animation svg{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;overflow:visible}